山白树微卫星特征分析及分子标记开发

目的:山白树是中国特有珍稀濒危植物。分析微卫星特征,开发其微卫星分子标记。方法:采用Illumina二代测序技术建立山白树基因组文库和微卫星文库,分析微卫星组成类型,设计山白树引物,用5个山白树种群进行扩增和检测以分析其多态性。结果:二代测序共返回38,942,660条100 bp配对序列,通过质量修剪及拼接得到200,386条拼接序列,其中长度 335 bp的为7 614条;在7 614条序列中检测出微卫星位点694个,其中单核苷酸重复最多,单核苷酸重复中A/T重复数量最多;二核苷酸长度变异最大,其中AG/CT重复数量最多,重复长度变异情况与微卫星丰度呈正相关。为36条山白树微卫星重复次数高的序列设计引物,经聚合酶链式反应(PCR)扩增和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测,20对引物多态性丰富且条带清晰,等位基因数(NA)在3~6之间,平均为4,多态性信息含量(PIC) 0. 535 5~0. 754 0,平均值0. 615 5。对5个山白树种群的群体遗传分析发现,该物种遗传多样性较高(h=0. 697 5,I=1. 436 8,HE=0. 702 2),种群遗传分化显著(Fst=0. 374)。结论:通过部分山白树的群体遗传也可以说明本次开发的引物可用性较好。该研究开发了山白树微卫星分子标记引物,为山白树分子遗传学奠定了基础。     

Gender difference in hepatic toxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles after subchronic oral exposure in Sprague‐Dawley rats

Existing literature pointed out that the liver may be the target organ of toxicity induced by titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂ NPs) via oral exposure. Gender differences in health effects widely exist and relevant toxicological research is important for safety assessment. To explore the gender susceptibility of TiO₂ NP‐induced hepatic toxicity and the underlying mechanism, we examined female and male Sprague‐Dawley rats administrated with TiO₂ NPs orally at doses of 0, 2, 10 and 50 mg/kg body weight per day for 90 days. The serum biochemical indicators and liver pathological observation were used to assess hepatic toxicity. We found significant hepatic toxicity could be induced by subchronic oral exposure to TiO₂ NPs, which was more obvious and severe in female rats. No accumulation of TiO₂ NPs in the liver was observed, indicating that hepatic toxicity may not be caused through direct pathways. Oxidized glutathione, lipid peroxidation products increased significantly and reduced glutathione decreased significantly in the liver of rats in repeated TiO₂ NP‐exposed groups. Hematological parameters of white blood cells and inflammatory cytokines in serum including interleukin 1α, interleukin 4 and tumor necrosis factor also increased significantly. Indirect pathways through initiating oxidative stress and inflammatory responses were suggested as the possible mechanism of the hepatic toxicity in this experiment. The higher sensitivity to redox homeostasis imbalance and inflammation of female rats may be the main reason for gender differences. Our research suggested that gender should be a susceptible factor for identifying and monitoring long‐term oral toxicity of TiO₂ NPs.     

癫痫患者动态脑血流自动调节功能研究

目的 探究癫痫患者的dCA功能。 方法 研究纳入100例癫痫患者和100例年龄、性别相匹配的健康志愿者作为对照组，分别测定其 dCA功能。采用TCD联合无创指尖血压监测法分别连续采集受试者双侧MCA脑血流速度（cerebral blood flow velocity，CBFV）和动脉血压（arterial blood pressure，ABP）信号。将采集的CBFV和ABP信号经 过传递函数法（transfer function analysis，TFA）分析，得出dCA参数（相位差和增益）。 结果 癫痫患者的总体相位差显著低于正常对照组（P =0.046），提示其dCA功能受损。此外，合并 发作间期慢波的患者其相位差更低（P =0.012），dCA功能受损更明显。EEG表现为局灶性放电的患者 与表现为多灶性放电的患者的相位差无显著性差异。同样，在EEG表现为单侧放电的患者中，其放电 侧大脑半球与放电对侧大脑半球的相位差也无显著性差异。通过单因素和多因素回归模型分析临床 因素与dCA参数的关系，发现发作间期慢波与相位差受损独立相关（P =0.016）。 结论 癫痫患者的dCA功能受损，而痫样放电合并发作间期慢波患者dCA受损更明显。dCA功能与癫 痫患者的放电类型、放电部位无关。发作间期慢波是癫痫患者dCA功能受损的独立预测因素。 临床研究注册号 NCT02775682     

A concise total synthesis of secoisolariciresinol

A concise total synthesis of (R,R)-secoisolariciresinol was achieved in four steps, featuring a biomimetic β-β’ radical coupling of two dihydroferulic acid derivatives. The conversion of secoisolariciresinol to other related lignans was ongoing.     

MicroRNA-214 promotes chronic kidney disease by disrupting mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation

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Ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging features of kaposiform hemangioendothelioma and tufted angioma

Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE) and tufted angioma (TA) primarily occurring in infants are difficult to distinguish. This study evaluated ultrasonography (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of KHE and TA. Pathologically proven TA (n = 21) and KHE (n = 40 [11 KHE + Kasabach–Merritt phenomenon [KMP]]) occurring between January 2015 and December 2017 were reviewed. US (n = 61) and MRI (n = 50) findings were retrospectively evaluated. On US, KHE and TA lesions were subcutaneous, while 40% of KHE exhibited an infiltrative pattern extending into adjacent muscles. Of TA lesions, 42.9% were hyperechoic and 96.15% of KHE lesions exhibited mixed echogenicity. Of TA lesions, 76.2% exhibited well‐defined margins and all KHE lesions exhibited ill‐defined margins. The depth and vascular density of KHE and KHE + KMP were significantly increased compared with TA. The arterial peak systolic blood flow velocity of KHE + KMP was significantly higher than that in TA and KHE. KHE and KHE + KMP were significantly harder than TA on elastography. 3‐D color Doppler revealed branch‐shape blood flow for KHE and KHE + KMP lesions; for TA, it revealed a dot‐like and striped pattern. Considering MRI findings, KHE and KHE + KMP were more likely to exhibit diffuse heterogeneous enhancement after contrast than TA. KHE was infiltrative and more likely to be thick, hypoechoic, ill‐defined, richly vascular and hard than TA on US. KHE lesions were subcutaneous and reticular, with heterogeneous enhancement on MRI. Awareness of these features should prompt radiologists in the differential diagnosis of pediatric masses.     

骨形态发生蛋白2及碱性成纤维生长因子2对大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞膜片增殖和成骨分化的影响

文题释义： 细胞膜片技术：是在体外接种培养高密度的细胞，使其相互融合生长至100%而形成的透明致密膜状物。该技术不需要胰酶消化即可收集细胞，因此保留了大量的胞外基质、细胞间连接以及细胞-基质连接等结构。目前细胞膜片技术已成为组织工程领域的研究热点，已被推广应用于牙周膜、角膜、心脏、软骨、食管等多种组织器官修复。 成骨细胞：主要由内外骨膜和间充质始祖细胞分化而来，在复杂的骨形成过程中发挥着主要的功能，承担着骨基质的合成、分泌和矿化。骨髓间充质干细胞具有多向分化潜能，能定向分化为成骨细胞，其成骨分化过程可受多种因素的影响，如细胞因子的调控、遗传因素和激素水平等。背景：现阶段骨形态发生蛋白2和碱性成纤维生长因子2对骨髓间充质干细胞膜片增殖、成骨分化的影响和作用机制还尚未可知，如何将生长因子与组织工程细胞膜片技术相整合，最终将其用于骨缺损修复具有重要意义。 目的：探讨单独及联合应用骨形态发生蛋白2和碱性成纤维生长因子2对骨髓间充质干细胞膜片增殖和成骨分化的影响。 方法：体外分离培养鉴定SD大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞并构建细胞膜片，选用不同质量浓度的骨形态发生蛋白2和碱性成纤维生长因子2单独及联合诱导骨髓间充质干细胞膜片，CCK-8法结合碱性磷酸酶活性检测确定2种因子促进膜片增殖和成骨分化的最佳有效质量浓度；然后对骨髓间充质干细胞膜片进行成骨诱导，通过大体及显微镜观察、Vonkossa染色、茜素红染色、RT-PCR检测相关成骨标志物来评估诱导效果。 结果与结论：单独应用骨形态发生蛋白2可增强骨髓间充质干细胞膜片的碱性磷酸酶活性，最佳质量浓度为100 μg/L(P < 0.001)，单独应用碱性成纤维生长因子2能加速骨髓间充质干细胞膜片的增殖，最佳质量浓度为20 μg/L(P < 0.001)，而联合应用既可以促进膜片增殖又能提高其碱性磷酸酶活性(P < 0.001)；经成骨诱导后，4组膜片在形态学上无明显差异，均能诱导骨髓间充质干细胞膜片的成骨分化，其中联合组钙结节最明显(P < 0.001)，可显著促进膜片晚期成骨分化并抑制其早期成骨分化，具有明显的协同促进作用(P < 0.001)。结果表明，骨形态发生蛋白2和碱性成纤维生长因子2联合应用时具有协同作用，既可以促进骨髓间充质干细胞膜片增殖，又能显著增强其成骨诱导能力。ORCID: 0000-0003-1918-579X(何惠宇) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程     

白芍对酒精性肝损伤肝阴虚证的保护功效和机制

目的研究白芍对小鼠酒精性肝损伤肝阴虚证的保护功效和机制。方法将ICR小鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、一贯煎组、白芍组,每组10只,除空白组外,用Lieber-DeCarli酒精液体饲料加甲状腺激素灌胃制备小鼠酒精性肝损伤肝阴虚证模型。造模期第1天开始给药,一贯煎组灌胃一贯煎水提液9.07 g/kg,白芍组灌胃白芍水提液4.3 g/kg,空白组和模型组灌胃等量生理盐水。28 d后观察各组小鼠状态,测定体重、体温、心率,测定血清及肝组织转氨酶活性、细胞因子水平、乙醇及脂肪代谢相关酶活性、抗氧化酶活性并取肝脏进行冰冻油红、HE病理切片检查。结果与空白组相比,模型组小鼠体重明显减轻,体温升高,心率加快,且出现毛发无光泽、疲倦易困、烦躁易怒等症状;血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)水平及肝组织丙二醛(MDA)、细胞色素P450同工酶E1(CYP2E1)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)水平明显升高;血清中环磷酸鸟苷(cGMP)水平及肝组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、乙醇脱氢酶(ADH)、乙醛脱氢酶2(ALDH2)、白细胞介素10(IL-10)、白细胞介素1Ra(IL-1Ra)水平明显降低;肝脏出现脂质沉积及肝细胞坏死情况。与模型组相比,白芍组小鼠血清中ALT、AST、TG、TC、cAMP水平均明显降低(P<0.05),cGMP水平明显升高(P<0.05);肝组织中CYP2E1、TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6水平明显降低(P<0.05),SOD、CAT、ADH、ALDH2、IL-10、IL-1Ra水平明显升高(P<0.05);肝组织脂质占比显著降低(P<0.05),肝细胞坏死程度改善。结论白芍具有明显的保护酒精性肝损伤肝阴虚证的作用,其机制与调节cAMP/cGMP水平及细胞因子水平、使肝细胞功能与代谢恢复平衡、增强肝组织中乙醇代谢关键酶及抗氧化酶活性、同时抑制脂质过氧化反应、减少脂质沉积有关。